Our work

Elections

ODIHR observes elections across the OSCE region to assess the extent to which they respect fundamental freedoms, equality, universality, political pluralism, confidence, transparency and accountability.

Guide / manual / handbook

Handbook for the Observation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Elections

26 February 2024

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

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A long-term, comprehensive, consistent and systematic election observation methodology has become the bedrock of ODIHR’s credibility in this field.

The Office also supports authorities in their efforts to improve electoral processes and to follow up on recommendations from ODIHR election observation missions, by reviewing election-related legislation, providing technical expertise and supporting the activities of citizen observer groups.

Methodology

Deciding where to observe

Latest reports on election observations

Report

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Early Election of the President of Republika Srpska, 23 November 2025: Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions

21 November 2025

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Report

Kyrgyzstan, Early Parliamentary Elections, 30 November 2025: Interim Report

14 November 2025

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Report

Portugal, Early Parliamentary Elections, 18 May 2025: Final Report

12 November 2025

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Report

North Macedonia, Local Elections, Second Round, 2 November 2025: Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions

3 November 2025

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Current announcements, press releases, media advisories and other updates

Media advisory

International election observers to Kyrgyzstan’s early parliamentary elections to hold press conference on Monday

27 November 2025

Press release

Election of Republika Srpska president saw candidates campaign freely but lacked a level playing field, international observers say

24 November 2025

Media advisory

International election observers to the early election of the president of Republika Srpska/Bosnia and Herzegovina to hold press conference on Monday

21 November 2025

News Item

Online election campaigns in focus at annual ODIHR event

4 November 2025

Initiatives funded by individual states and organizations

Upcoming elections in the OSCE area

Date	Country	Election	Activity
30 November 2025 Upcoming	Kyrgyzstan	Early Parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
18 January 2026 Upcoming	Portugal	Presidential Election	-
1 April 2026 Upcoming	Slovenia	Parliamentary Elections	-
1 April 2026 Upcoming	Hungary	Parliamentary Elections	-
16 May 2026 Upcoming	Iceland	Municipal Elections	-
24 May 2026 Upcoming	Cyprus	Parliamentary Elections	-
7 June 2026 Upcoming	Armenia	Parliamentary Elections	-
1 September 2026 Upcoming	Sweden	Parliamentary Elections	-
20 September 2026 Upcoming	Russia	Parliamentary Elections	-
1 October 2026 Upcoming	Latvia	Parliamentary Elections	-
2 October 2026 Upcoming	Bosnia and Herzegovina	General Elections	-
3 October 2026 Upcoming	Denmark	Parliamentary Elections	-
3 November 2026 Upcoming	United States of America	Mid-term Congressional Elections	-
31 December 2026 Upcoming	Bulgaria	Presidential Election	-
23 November 2025 Past	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Republika Srpska Early Presidential election	Special Election Assessment Mission
18 November 2025 Past	Denmark	Local elections	-
29 October 2025 Past	Netherlands	Early Parliamentary elections	Election expert team
24 October 2025 Past	Ireland	Presidential election	Election assessment mission
19 October 2025 Past	North Macedonia	Local elections	Election observation mission
19 October 2025 Past	Estonia	Local elections	-
12 October 2025 Past	Portugal	Local elections	-
4 October 2025 Past	Georgia	Local elections	-
3 October 2025 Past	Czech Republic	Parliamentary elections	-
3 October 2025 Past	Czech Republic	Parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
28 September 2025 Past	Moldova	Parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
8 September 2025 Past	Norway	Parliamentary elections	Election expert team
7 June 2025 Past	Latvia	Local elections	-
18 May 2025 Past	Croatia	Local elections	-
18 May 2025 Past	Poland	Presidential election	Limited election observation mission
18 May 2025 Past	Portugal	Early Parliamentary elections	Election expert team
11 May 2025 Past	Albania	Parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
4 May 2025 Past	Romania	Repeat Presidential election	Limited election observation mission
28 April 2025 Past	Canada	Early Federal election	Needs assessment mission
2 March 2025 Past	Tajikistan	Parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
23 February 2025 Past	Germany	Federal elections	Election assessment mission
9 February 2025 Past	Liechtenstein	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
26 January 2025 Past	Belarus	Presidential election	-
29 December 2024 Past	Croatia	Presidential election	-
1 December 2024 Past	Romania	Parliamentary elections	-
30 November 2024 Past	Iceland	Early Parliamentary Elections	-
29 November 2024 Past	Ireland	Early parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
24 November 2024 Past	Romania	Presidential election	Needs assessment mission
5 November 2024 Past	United States of America	General elections	Limited election observation mission
3 November 2024 Past	Moldova	Presidential election, second round	-
27 October 2024 Past	Uzbekistan	Parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
27 October 2024 Past	Bulgaria	Early Parliamentary Elections	-
26 October 2024 Past	Georgia	Parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
20 October 2024 Past	Moldova	Presidential election	Election observation mission
13 October 2024 Past	Lithuania	Parliamentary elections	-
6 October 2024 Past	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Local elections	Election observation mission
29 September 2024 Past	Austria	Parliamenary elections	Needs assessment mission
1 September 2024 Past	Azerbaijan	Early parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
4 July 2024 Past	United Kingdom	General elections	Election assessment mission
30 June 2024 Past	France	Early parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
28 June 2024 Past	Mongolia	Parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
9 June 2024 Past	San Marino	Early parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
9 June 2024 Past	Belgium	Federal elections	Needs assessment mission
9 June 2024 Past	Bulgaria	Early parliamentary elections	Election expert team
6 June 2024 Past	European Union	Parliamentary elections	Special Election Assessment Mission
2 June 2024 Past	Serbia	Local elections	Election observation mission
1 June 2024 Past	Iceland	Presidential election	Needs assessment mission
12 May 2024 Past	Lithuania	Presidential election	Needs assessment mission
8 May 2024 Past	North Macedonia	Parliamentary elections	-
24 April 2024 Past	North Macedonia	Presidential election	Election observation mission
17 April 2024 Past	Croatia	Early parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
23 March 2024 Past	Slovakia	Presidential election	Election expert team
17 March 2024 Past	Russia	Presidential election	-
10 March 2024 Past	Portugal	Early parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
5 March 2024 Past	Ukraine	Presidential election	-
25 February 2024 Past	Belarus	Parliamentary elections	-
7 February 2024 Past	Azerbaijan	Early presidential election	Election observation mission
28 January 2024 Past	Finland	Presidential election	Needs assessment mission
17 December 2023 Past	Serbia	Early parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
22 November 2023 Past	Netherlands	Early parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
5 November 2023 Past	Moldova	Local elections	Election observation mission
22 October 2023 Past	Switzerland	Federal elections	Election expert team
15 October 2023 Past	Poland	Parliamentary elections	Limited election observation mission
8 October 2023 Past	Luxembourg	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
1 October 2023 Past	Ukraine	Parliamentary elections	-
30 September 2023 Past	Slovakia	Early parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
23 July 2023 Past	Spain	Early parliamentary elections	Election expert team
9 July 2023 Past	Uzbekistan	Early Presidential Election	Election observation mission
25 June 2023 Past	Greece	Early Parliamentary Elections	-
11 June 2023 Past	Montenegro	Early parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
21 May 2023 Past	Greece	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
14 May 2023 Past	Albania	Local elections	Election observation mission
14 May 2023 Past	Türkiye	General elections	Election observation mission
30 April 2023 Past	Uzbekistan	Referendum	Limited referendum observation mission
2 April 2023 Past	Bulgaria	Early parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
2 April 2023 Past	Finland	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
2 April 2023 Past	Andorra	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
26 March 2023 Past	Turkmenistan	Parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
19 March 2023 Past	Kazakhstan	Early parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
19 March 2023 Past	Montenegro	Presidential election	Election observation mission
5 March 2023 Past	Estonia	Parliamentary elections	Election expert team
12 February 2023 Past	Germany	Local elections	Needs assessment mission
5 February 2023 Past	Monaco	Parliamentary elections	-
5 February 2023 Past	Cyprus	Presidential election	Needs assessment mission
13 January 2023 Past	Czech Republic	Presidential election	Election expert team
20 November 2022 Past	Kazakhstan	Early presidential election	Election observation mission
8 November 2022 Past	United States of America	Mid-term congressional elections	Limited election observation mission
1 November 2022 Past	Denmark	Early general elections	Election expert team
23 October 2022 Past	Slovenia	Presidential election	-
9 October 2022 Past	Austria	Presidential election	Needs assessment mission
2 October 2022 Past	Bulgaria	Early parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
2 October 2022 Past	Bosnia and Herzegovina	General elections	Election observation mission
1 October 2022 Past	Latvia	Parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
25 September 2022 Past	Italy	Early parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
11 September 2022 Past	Sweden	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
12 June 2022 Past	France	Parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
5 June 2022 Past	Kazakhstan	Constitutional referendum	Referendum assessment mission
24 April 2022 Past	Slovenia	Parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
10 April 2022 Past	France	Presidential election	Election assessment mission
3 April 2022 Past	Serbia	Presidential and early parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
3 April 2022 Past	Hungary	Parliamentary elections and referendum	Election observation mission
1 April 2022 Past	Austria	Presidential election	-
26 March 2022 Past	Malta	Parliamentary elections	Election expert team
16 March 2022 Past	Netherlands	Municipal council elections	Needs assessment mission
12 March 2022 Past	Turkmenistan	Early presidential election	Needs assessment mission
30 January 2022 Past	Portugal	Early parliamentary elections	-
28 November 2021 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
14 November 2021 Past	Bulgaria	Presidential and parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
24 October 2021 Past	Uzbekistan	Presidential election	Election observation mission
17 October 2021 Past	North Macedonia	Local elections	Election observation mission
8 October 2021 Past	Czech Republic	Parliamentary elections	Election expert team
2 October 2021 Past	Georgia	Local Elections	-
26 September 2021 Past	Germany	Parliamentary elections	-
25 September 2021 Past	Iceland	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
20 September 2021 Past	Canada	Early federal elections	Election expert team
19 September 2021 Past	Russia	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
13 September 2021 Past	Norway	Parliamentary elections	-
11 July 2021 Past	Bulgaria	Early parliamentary elections	-
11 July 2021 Past	Moldova	Early parliamentary elections	-
20 June 2021 Past	Armenia	Early parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
9 June 2021 Past	Mongolia	Presidential election	Special Election Assessment Mission
30 May 2021 Past	Cyprus	Parliamentary elections	Election expert team
25 April 2021 Past	Albania	Parliamentary elections	Limited election observation mission
4 April 2021 Past	Bulgaria	Parliamentary elections	Limited election observation mission
17 March 2021 Past	Netherlands	Parliamentary elections	Election expert team
7 February 2021 Past	Liechtenstein	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
24 January 2021 Past	Portugal	Presidential election	-
10 January 2021 Past	Kazakhstan	Parliamentary elections	Limited election observation mission
10 January 2021 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Presidential election	Limited election observation mission
6 December 2020 Past	Romania	Parliamentary elections	Special Election Assessment Mission
3 November 2020 Past	United States of America	General elections	Limited election observation mission
1 November 2020 Past	Moldova	Presidential election	Limited election observation mission
31 October 2020 Past	Georgia	Parliamentary elections	Limited election observation mission
25 October 2020 Past	Ukraine	Local elections	Limited election observation mission
11 October 2020 Past	Lithuania	Parliamentary elections	Election expert team
11 October 2020 Past	Tajikistan	Presidential election	-
4 October 2020 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Parliamentary elections	Limited election observation mission
30 August 2020 Past	Montenegro	Parliamentary elections	Limited election observation mission
9 August 2020 Past	Belarus	Presidential election	-
15 July 2020 Past	North Macedonia	Early parliamentary elections	Special Election Assessment Mission
5 July 2020 Past	Croatia	Parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
28 June 2020 Past	Poland	Presidential election	Special Election Assessment Mission
27 June 2020 Past	Iceland	Presidential election	Needs assessment mission
24 June 2020 Past	Mongolia	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
21 June 2020 Past	Serbia	Parliamentary elections	Special Election Assessment Mission
1 March 2020 Past	Tajikistan	Parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
29 February 2020 Past	Slovakia	Parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
9 February 2020 Past	Azerbaijan	Early parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
8 February 2020 Past	Ireland	Early general election	Needs assessment mission
22 December 2019 Past	Uzbekistan	Parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
22 December 2019 Past	Croatia	Presidential election	Needs assessment mission
12 December 2019 Past	United Kingdom	Early General Elections	Needs assessment mission
8 December 2019 Past	San Marino	Early parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
17 November 2019 Past	Belarus	Early parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
10 November 2019 Past	Romania	Presidential election	Election assessment mission
10 November 2019 Past	Spain	Early parliamentary elections	-
21 October 2019 Past	Canada	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
20 October 2019 Past	Switzerland	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
13 October 2019 Past	Poland	Parliamentary elections	Limited election observation mission
6 October 2019 Past	Portugal	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
29 September 2019 Past	Austria	Early parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
21 July 2019 Past	Ukraine	Early parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
7 July 2019 Past	Greece	Parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
30 June 2019 Past	Albania	Local elections	Election observation mission
9 June 2019 Past	Kazakhstan	Early presidential election	Election observation mission
5 June 2019 Past	Denmark	General elections	Needs assessment mission
26 May 2019 Past	Belgium	Parliamentary election	Needs assessment mission
12 May 2019 Past	Lithuania	Presidential election	Election assessment mission
5 May 2019 Past	North Macedonia	Presidential Election (second round)	-
28 April 2019 Past	Spain	Early parliamentary elections	Election expert team
21 April 2019 Past	North Macedonia	Presidential election	Election observation mission
14 April 2019 Past	Finland	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
7 April 2019 Past	Andorra	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
31 March 2019 Past	Ukraine	Presidential election	Election observation mission
16 March 2019 Past	Slovakia	Presidential election	Election assessment mission
3 March 2019 Past	Estonia	Parliamentary elections	Election expert team
24 February 2019 Past	Moldova	Parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
1 January 2019 Past	Romania	Presidential election	-
1 January 2019 Past	Croatia	Presidential election	-
9 December 2018 Past	Armenia	Early parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
6 November 2018 Past	United States of America	Mid-term elections	Limited election observation mission
28 October 2018 Past	Georgia	Presidential election	Election observation mission
26 October 2018 Past	Ireland	Presidential election	Needs assessment mission
14 October 2018 Past	Luxembourg	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
7 October 2018 Past	Bosnia and Herzegovina	General elections	Election observation mission
6 October 2018 Past	Latvia	Parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
30 September 2018 Past	North Macedonia	Referendum	Referendum observation mission
9 September 2018 Past	Sweden	General elections	Election expert team
24 June 2018 Past	Türkiye	Early presidential and parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
3 June 2018 Past	Slovenia	Early parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
15 April 2018 Past	Montenegro	Presidential election	Election observation mission
11 April 2018 Past	Azerbaijan	Early presidential election	Election observation mission
8 April 2018 Past	Hungary	Parliamentary elections	Limited election observation mission
25 March 2018 Past	Turkmenistan	Parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
18 March 2018 Past	Russia	Presidential election	-
4 March 2018 Past	Italy	Parliamentary elections	-
11 February 2018 Past	Monaco	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
28 January 2018 Past	Cyprus	Presidential election	Election assessment mission
28 January 2018 Past	Finland	Presidential election	Needs assessment mission
12 January 2018 Past	Czech Republic	Presidential election	-
28 October 2017 Past	Iceland	Early parliamentary elections	-
22 October 2017 Past	Slovenia	Presidential election	-
21 October 2017 Past	Georgia	Local elections	Election observation mission
20 October 2017 Past	Czech Republic	Parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
15 October 2017 Past	Austria	Early parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
15 October 2017 Past	North Macedonia	Municipal elections	Election observation mission
15 October 2017 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Presidential election	Election observation mission
24 September 2017 Past	Germany	Parliamentary elections	Election expert team
11 September 2017 Past	Norway	Parliamentary elections	Election expert team
26 June 2017 Past	Mongolia	Presidential election	Limited election observation mission
25 June 2017 Past	Albania	Parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
11 June 2017 Past	France	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
8 June 2017 Past	United Kingdom	Early general election	Election expert team
3 June 2017 Past	Malta	Early parliamentary elections	Election assessment mission
1 May 2017 Past	North Macedonia	Municipal elections	-
23 April 2017 Past	France	Presidential election	Election expert team
16 April 2017 Past	Türkiye	Constitutional referendum	Referendum observation mission
2 April 2017 Past	Serbia	Presidential election	Election assessment mission
2 April 2017 Past	Armenia	Parliamentary elections	-
26 March 2017 Past	Bulgaria	Parliamentary elections	-
15 March 2017 Past	Netherlands	Parliamentary elections	-
12 February 2017 Past	Turkmenistan	Presidential election	Election assessment mission
5 February 2017 Past	Liechtenstein	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
11 December 2016 Past	North Macedonia	Early parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
11 December 2016 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Constitutional referendum	-
11 December 2016 Past	Romania	Parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
4 December 2016 Past	Austria	Presidential election, repeat second round	-
4 December 2016 Past	Uzbekistan	Presidential election	Election observation mission
20 November 2016 Past	San Marino	Early parliamentary elections	Needs assessment mission
13 November 2016 Past	Moldova	Presidential election (second round)	-
8 November 2016 Past	United States of America	General Elections	Election observation mission
6 November 2016 Past	Bulgaria	Presidential election	Needs assessment mission
30 October 2016 Past	Moldova	Presidential election	Election observation mission
16 October 2016 Past	Montenegro	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
9 October 2016 Past	Lithuania	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
8 October 2016 Past	Georgia	Parliamentary election	-
8 October 2016 Past	Georgia	Parliamentary elections	Election observation mission
7 October 2016 Past	Czech Republic	Senate elections	-
2 October 2016 Past	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Local Elections	-
26 September 2016 Past	Azerbaijan	Constitutional referendum	-
18 September 2016 Past	Russia	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
11 September 2016 Past	Croatia	Early parliamentary elections	-
11 September 2016 Past	Belarus	Parliamentary election	Election observation mission
1 August 2016 Past	Estonia	Presidential (indirect) Election	-
29 June 2016 Past	Mongolia	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
26 June 2016 Past	Spain	Parliamentary Elections	-
25 June 2016 Past	Iceland	Presidential election	Needs assessment mission
22 May 2016 Past	Cyprus	Parliamentary Elections	Needs assessment mission
24 April 2016 Past	Serbia	Early Parliamentary Elections	Limited election observation mission
24 April 2016 Past	Austria	Presidential election	Election expert team
20 March 2016 Past	Kazakhstan	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
5 March 2016 Past	Slovakia	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
26 February 2016 Past	Ireland	Parliamentary Elections	Needs assessment mission
24 January 2016 Past	Portugal	Presidential Election	-
1 January 2016 Past	Portugal	Presidential election	-
31 December 2015 Past	Romania	Constitutional referendum	-
31 December 2015 Past	Afghanistan	Parliamentary Elections	-
20 December 2015 Past	Spain	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
6 December 2015 Past	Armenia	Constitutional referendum	Election expert team
8 November 2015 Past	Croatia	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
1 November 2015 Past	Türkiye	Early Parliamentary Elections	Limited election observation mission
1 November 2015 Past	Azerbaijan	Parliamentary Elections	Needs assessment mission
25 October 2015 Past	Ukraine	Local Elections	Election observation mission
25 October 2015 Past	Poland	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
25 October 2015 Past	Bulgaria	Local Elections	-
19 October 2015 Past	Canada	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
18 October 2015 Past	Switzerland	Federal Assembly Elections	Election expert team
11 October 2015 Past	Belarus	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
4 October 2015 Past	Portugal	Parliamentary Elections	-
4 October 2015 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
20 September 2015 Past	Greece	Early Parliamentary Elections	-
14 September 2015 Past	Norway	Local Elections	-
13 September 2015 Past	Russia	Local Elections	-
16 August 2015 Past	Turkmenistan	Local Elections	-
28 June 2015 Past	Moldova	Second Round of Local Elections	-
21 June 2015 Past	Albania	Local Elections	Election observation mission
18 June 2015 Past	Denmark	Early General Elections	Needs assessment mission
14 June 2015 Past	Moldova	Local Elections	Limited election observation mission
7 June 2015 Past	Türkiye	Parliamentary Elections	Limited election observation mission
10 May 2015 Past	Poland	Presidential Election	Needs assessment mission
7 May 2015 Past	United Kingdom	General Election	Election expert team
26 April 2015 Past	Kazakhstan	Early Presidential Election	Election observation mission
19 April 2015 Past	Finland	Parliamentary Elections	Needs assessment mission
29 March 2015 Past	Uzbekistan	Presidential Elections	Limited election observation mission
18 March 2015 Past	Netherlands	Provincial Elections	-
1 March 2015 Past	Andorra	Parliamentary Elections	Needs assessment mission
1 March 2015 Past	Estonia	Parliamentary Elections	Election expert team
1 March 2015 Past	Tajikistan	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
1 March 2015 Past	Lithuania	Local Elections	-
25 January 2015 Past	Greece	Early Parliamentary Elections	-
28 December 2014 Past	Croatia	Presidential Elections	-
21 December 2014 Past	Uzbekistan	Parliamentary and Local Elections	Limited election observation mission
30 November 2014 Past	Moldova	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
4 November 2014 Past	United States of America	Midterm Elections	-
2 November 2014 Past	Romania	Presidential elections	-
26 October 2014 Past	Ukraine	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
12 October 2014 Past	Bosnia and Herzegovina	General Elections	Election observation mission
5 October 2014 Past	Bulgaria	Early Parliamentary Elections	Limited election observation mission
4 October 2014 Past	Latvia	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
18 September 2014 Past	United Kingdom	Referendum (Scottish Independence)	-
14 September 2014 Past	Sweden	Parliamentary Elections	-
10 August 2014 Past	Türkiye	Presidential Elections	Limited election observation mission
13 July 2014 Past	Slovenia	Parliamentary Elections	-
15 June 2014 Past	Georgia	Local Elections	-
14 June 2014 Past	Afghanistan	Presidential and Provincial Council Elections, 5 April and 14 June	-
25 May 2014 Past	Belgium	Federal Elections	Needs assessment mission
25 May 2014 Past	Ukraine	Early Presidential elections	Election observation mission
11 May 2014 Past	Lithuania	Presidential Election	Needs assessment mission
13 April 2014 Past	North Macedonia	Presidential and Early Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
6 April 2014 Past	Hungary	Parliamentary Elections	Limited election observation mission
5 April 2014 Past	Afghanistan	Presidential and Provincial Council Elections, 5 April and 14 June	Election support team
1 April 2014 Past	Malta	Presidential (Indirect) Elections	-
30 March 2014 Past	Türkiye	Local Elections	-
16 March 2014 Past	Serbia	Early Parliamentary Elections	Limited election observation mission
15 March 2014 Past	Slovakia	Presiential Elections	-
15 December 2013 Past	Ukraine	Parliamentary By-Elections	Election expert team
15 December 2013 Past	Turkmenistan	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
6 November 2013 Past	Tajikistan	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
27 October 2013 Past	Georgia	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
25 October 2013 Past	Czech Republic	Early Parliamentary Elections	-
20 October 2013 Past	Luxembourg	Early Parliamentary Elections	Needs assessment mission
20 October 2013 Past	Estonia	Local Elections	-
9 October 2013 Past	Azerbaijan	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
29 September 2013 Past	Austria	Parliamentary Elections	Election expert team
22 September 2013 Past	Germany	Parliamentary Elections	Election expert team
9 September 2013 Past	Norway	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
26 June 2013 Past	Mongolia	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
23 June 2013 Past	Albania	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
19 May 2013 Past	Croatia	Local Elections	-
12 May 2013 Past	Bulgaria	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
27 April 2013 Past	Georgia	Parliamentary By-Elections	Election expert team
18 April 2013 Past	Italy	Presidential (Indirect) Elections	-
7 April 2013 Past	Montenegro	Presidential Elections	Limited election observation mission
24 March 2013 Past	North Macedonia	Local Elections	Election observation mission
9 March 2013 Past	Malta	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
24 February 2013 Past	Italy	Parliamentary Elections	Needs assessment mission
18 February 2013 Past	Armenia	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
17 February 2013 Past	Cyprus	Presidential Elections	Needs assessment mission
10 February 2013 Past	Monaco	Parliamentary Elections	Election expert team
1 February 2013 Past	Liechtenstein	Parliamentary Elections	-
11 January 2013 Past	Czech Republic	Presidential Elections	Election assessment mission
9 December 2012 Past	Romania	Parliamentary Elections	Election expert team
25 November 2012 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Local Elections	-
11 November 2012 Past	Slovenia	Presiential Elections	-
11 November 2012 Past	San Marino	Early Parliamentary Elections	Needs assessment mission
6 November 2012 Past	United States of America	Presidential/General Elections	Limited election observation mission
28 October 2012 Past	Ukraine	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
12 October 2012 Past	Czech Republic	Regional Elections and Senate Elections for a Third of the Senate (First Round)	-
1 October 2012 Past	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Municipal Elections	-
1 October 2012 Past	Georgia	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
23 September 2012 Past	Belarus	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
12 September 2012 Past	Netherlands	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
30 June 2012 Past	Iceland	Presidential Election	-
10 June 2012 Past	Romania	Local Elections	-
10 June 2012 Past	France	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
30 May 2012 Past	Albania	Presidential (Indirect) Elections	-
6 May 2012 Past	Armenia	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
6 May 2012 Past	Serbia	Local Elections	-
6 May 2012 Past	Greece	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
6 May 2012 Past	Serbia	Parliamentary and Early Presidential Elections	Limited election observation mission
22 April 2012 Past	France	Presidential Elections	Needs assessment mission
10 March 2012 Past	Slovakia	Parliamentary Elections	Needs assessment mission
27 February 2012 Past	Lithuania	Local Elections	-
12 February 2012 Past	Turkmenistan	Presidential Elections	Needs assessment mission
22 January 2012 Past	Finland	Presidential Elections	Needs assessment mission
22 January 2012 Past	Croatia	Referendum on EU accession	-
15 January 2012 Past	Kazakhstan	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
4 December 2011 Past	Russia	Parliamentary Elections	-
4 December 2011 Past	Croatia	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
4 December 2011 Past	Andorra	Local Elections	-
4 December 2011 Past	Slovenia	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
25 November 2011 Past	Morocco	Early Parliamentary Elections	-
20 November 2011 Past	Spain	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
30 October 2011 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
27 October 2011 Past	Ireland	Presidential Elections	-
23 October 2011 Past	Switzerland	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
23 October 2011 Past	Bulgaria	Presidential and Municipal Elections	Limited election observation mission
9 October 2011 Past	Poland	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
17 September 2011 Past	Latvia	Early Parliamentary Elections	Limited election observation mission
15 September 2011 Past	Denmark	Parliamentary Elections	-
12 September 2011 Past	Norway	Local Elections	-
12 June 2011 Past	Türkiye	General Elections	Election assessment mission
5 June 2011 Past	Moldova	Local Elections	Limited election observation mission
5 June 2011 Past	North Macedonia	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
2 June 2011 Past	Latvia	Presiential (Indirect) Elections	-
23 May 2011 Past	Netherlands	Senate (Indirect) Elections	-
22 May 2011 Past	Cyprus	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
8 May 2011 Past	Albania	Local Elections	Election observation mission
5 May 2011 Past	United Kingdom	Referendum	-
17 April 2011 Past	Finland	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
3 April 2011 Past	Kazakhstan	Early Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
6 March 2011 Past	Estonia	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
2 March 2011 Past	Netherlands	Local Elections	-
25 February 2011 Past	Ireland	Early Parliamentary Elections	Needs assessment mission
17 February 2011 Past	Lithuania	Local Elections	-
23 January 2011 Past	Portugal	Presidential Election	-
19 December 2010 Past	Belarus	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
28 November 2010 Past	Moldova	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
21 November 2010 Past	Poland	Local Elections	-
7 November 2010 Past	Azerbaijan	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
2 November 2010 Past	United States of America	Mid-Term Congressional Elections	Election assessment mission
31 October 2010 Past	Ukraine	Local Elections	-
10 October 2010 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
3 October 2010 Past	Bosnia and Herzegovina	General Elections	Election observation mission
2 October 2010 Past	Latvia	Parliamentary Elections	Limited election observation mission
19 September 2010 Past	Sweden	General Elections	Needs assessment mission
5 September 2010 Past	Moldova	Constitutional Referendum	-
29 June 2010 Past	Hungary	Presidential (Indirect) Elections	-
27 June 2010 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Constitutional Referendum	Referendum observation mission
20 June 2010 Past	Poland	Early Presidential Elections	-
13 June 2010 Past	Belgium	Parliamentary Elections	-
12 June 2010 Past	Slovakia	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
9 June 2010 Past	Netherlands	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
30 May 2010 Past	Georgia	Municipal Elections	Election observation mission
29 May 2010 Past	Iceland	Municipal Elections	-
28 May 2010 Past	Czech Republic	Parliamentary Elections	-
6 May 2010 Past	United Kingdom	Parliamentary and Local Elections	Election assessment mission
25 April 2010 Past	Belarus	Local Elections	-
25 April 2010 Past	Austria	Presidential election	Election assessment mission
11 April 2010 Past	Hungary	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
28 February 2010 Past	Tajikistan	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
3 February 2010 Past	Greece	Presidential (Indirect) Elections	-
17 January 2010 Past	Ukraine	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
10 January 2010 Past	Croatia	Presidential Elections (Second round)	Election observation mission
27 December 2009 Past	Croatia	Presidential Elections	-
27 December 2009 Past	Uzbekistan	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
23 December 2009 Past	Azerbaijan	Local Elections	-
22 November 2009 Past	Romania	Presidential Elections	Limited election observation mission
4 October 2009 Past	Greece	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
27 September 2009 Past	Germany	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
27 September 2009 Past	Portugal	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
14 September 2009 Past	Norway	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
29 July 2009 Past	Moldova	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
23 July 2009 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
5 July 2009 Past	Bulgaria	Parliamentary Elections	Limited election observation mission
28 June 2009 Past	Albania	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
7 June 2009 Past	Belgium	Regional Elections	-
7 June 2009 Past	Luxembourg	Parliamentary Elections	-
4 June 2009 Past	European Union	European Parliament Elections	Election expert team
23 May 2009 Past	Germany	Presidential (Indirect) Elections	-
20 May 2009 Past	Moldova	Presidential (Indirect) Election	-
17 May 2009 Past	Croatia	Local Elections	-
17 May 2009 Past	Lithuania	Presidential Elections	Needs assessment mission
26 April 2009 Past	Andorra	Parliamentary Elections	-
25 April 2009 Past	Iceland	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
5 April 2009 Past	Moldova	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
29 March 2009 Past	Montenegro	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
29 March 2009 Past	Türkiye	Local Elections	-
22 March 2009 Past	North Macedonia	Presidential and Municipal Elections	Election observation mission
21 March 2009 Past	Slovakia	Presidential Elections	-
6 February 2009 Past	Liechtenstein	Parliamentary Elections	Needs assessment mission
12 January 2009 Past	Malta	Presidential (indirect) Elections	-
14 December 2008 Past	Turkmenistan	Early Parliamentary Elections	Needs assessment mission
30 November 2008 Past	Romania	Parliamentary Elections	-
9 November 2008 Past	San Marino	Parliamentary Elections	-
4 November 2008 Past	United States of America	General Elections	Needs assessment mission
26 October 2008 Past	Finland	Municipal Elections	-
15 October 2008 Past	Azerbaijan	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
14 October 2008 Past	Canada	Parliamentary Elections	-
12 October 2008 Past	Lithuania	Parliamentary Elections	-
5 October 2008 Past	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Municipal Elections	Needs assessment mission
5 October 2008 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Local Elections	-
4 October 2008 Past	Kazakhstan	By-elections to the Senate (indirect) Elections	-
28 September 2008 Past	Armenia	Local Elections	-
28 September 2008 Past	Belarus	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
21 September 2008 Past	Slovenia	Parliamentary Elections	-
28 June 2008 Past	Iceland	Presidential Election	-
1 June 2008 Past	North Macedonia	Early Parliamentary Elections, 1 June, re-runs 15 June	Election observation mission
21 May 2008 Past	Georgia	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
11 May 2008 Past	Serbia	Early Parliamentary Elections	Limited election observation mission
13 April 2008 Past	Italy	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
6 April 2008 Past	Montenegro	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
9 March 2008 Past	France	Municipal Elections	-
9 March 2008 Past	Spain	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
8 March 2008 Past	Malta	Parliamentary Elections	-
2 March 2008 Past	Russia	Presidential Elections	-
19 February 2008 Past	Armenia	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
17 February 2008 Past	Cyprus	Presidential Elections	-
8 February 2008 Past	Czech Republic	Presidential Elections	-
3 February 2008 Past	Monaco	Parliamentary Elections	-
20 January 2008 Past	Serbia	Presidential Elections	Limited election observation mission
5 January 2008 Past	Georgia	Extraordinary Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
23 December 2007 Past	Uzbekistan	Presidential Elections	Limited election observation mission
16 December 2007 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
9 December 2007 Past	Turkmenistan	Regional Councils Elections	-
2 December 2007 Past	Russia	Parliamentary Elections	-
25 November 2007 Past	Croatia	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
17 November 2007 Past	Serbia	Parliamentary Elections (Kosovo/Serbia)	-
13 November 2007 Past	Denmark	General Elections	-
28 October 2007 Past	Bulgaria	Municipal Elections	-
21 October 2007 Past	Poland	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
21 October 2007 Past	Slovenia	Presidential Elections	-
21 October 2007 Past	Switzerland	Federal Elections	Election assessment mission
30 September 2007 Past	Ukraine	Early Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
16 September 2007 Past	Greece	Parliamentary Elections	-
18 August 2007 Past	Kazakhstan	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
22 July 2007 Past	Türkiye	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
20 June 2007 Past	Albania	Presidential (Indirect) Elections	-
10 June 2007 Past	Belgium	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
10 June 2007 Past	France	Parliamentary Elections	-
3 June 2007 Past	Moldova	Local Elections	Election observation mission
31 May 2007 Past	Latvia	Presidential (Indirect) Elections	-
24 May 2007 Past	Ireland	Parliamentary Elections	Needs assessment mission
12 May 2007 Past	Armenia	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
12 May 2007 Past	Iceland	Parliamentary Elections	-
6 May 2007 Past	Türkiye	Presidential (Indirect) Elections	-
3 May 2007 Past	United Kingdom	Local Elections	-
3 May 2007 Past	United Kingdom	Parliamentary Elections (Wales/United Kingdom)	-
3 May 2007 Past	United Kingdom	Parliamentary and Local Elections (Scotland/United Kingdom)	-
22 April 2007 Past	France	Presidential Elections	Election assessment mission
18 March 2007 Past	Finland	Parliamentary Elections	-
4 March 2007 Past	United Kingdom	Parliamentary Elections (Northern Ireland/United Kingdom)	-
4 March 2007 Past	Estonia	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
25 February 2007 Past	Lithuania	Local Elections	-
18 February 2007 Past	Albania	Local Elections	Election observation mission
11 February 2007 Past	Turkmenistan	Presidential Elections	Needs assessment mission
21 January 2007 Past	Serbia	Parliamentary Elections	Needs assessment mission
14 January 2007 Past	Belarus	Local Elections	-
3 December 2006 Past	Moldova	Election of Governor of Gagauzia	-
3 December 2006 Past	Turkmenistan	Municipal – District and City Councils Elections	-
22 November 2006 Past	Netherlands	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
12 November 2006 Past	Poland	Local Government Elections	-
7 November 2006 Past	United States of America	Mid-term Congressional Elections	Election assessment mission
6 November 2006 Past	Tajikistan	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
28 October 2006 Past	Serbia	Constitutional Referendum	-
22 October 2006 Past	Slovenia	Local Government Elections	-
22 October 2006 Past	Bulgaria	Presidential Election	Election assessment mission
20 October 2006 Past	Kazakhstan	Heads of Local Executive Bodies (Indirect) Elections	-
15 October 2006 Past	Greece	Local Government Elections	-
8 October 2006 Past	Belgium	Local Elections	Election expert team
7 October 2006 Past	Latvia	Parliamentary Elections	Limited election observation mission
6 October 2006 Past	Azerbaijan	Partial Repeat Municipal Elections	-
5 October 2006 Past	Georgia	Municipal Elections	Limited election observation mission
1 October 2006 Past	Austria	Parliamentary Elections	-
1 October 2006 Past	Bosnia and Herzegovina	General Elections	Election observation mission
1 October 2006 Past	Hungary	Municipal and Minority Self-Governments Elections	-
17 September 2006 Past	Sweden	Parliamentary Elections	-
10 September 2006 Past	Montenegro	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
28 August 2006 Past	Estonia	Presidential (Indirect) Election	-
23 July 2006 Past	Turkmenistan	Municipal – Village Councils Elections	-
5 July 2006 Past	North Macedonia	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
17 June 2006 Past	Slovakia	Parliamentary Elections	-
2 June 2006 Past	Czech Republic	Parliamentary Elections	-
27 May 2006 Past	Iceland	Municipal Elections	-
21 May 2006 Past	Montenegro	Referendum (Montenegro/Serbia & Montenegro)	Referendum observation mission
13 May 2006 Past	Azerbaijan	Repeat Parliamentary Elections in 10 Constituencies	Limited election observation mission
2 May 2006 Past	Italy	Presidential (Indirect) Elections	-
21 April 2006 Past	Cyprus	Parliamentary Elections	-
9 April 2006 Past	Italy	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
9 April 2006 Past	Hungary	Parliamentary Elections	-
26 March 2006 Past	Ukraine	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
19 March 2006 Past	Belarus	Presidential Elections	Election observation mission
7 March 2006 Past	Netherlands	Municipal Elections	-
23 January 2006 Past	Canada	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
22 January 2006 Past	Portugal	Presidential Election	-
15 January 2006 Past	Finland	Presidential Elections	-
17 December 2005 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Local Government Elections	-
4 December 2005 Past	Kazakhstan	Presidential Elections	-
27 November 2005 Past	Armenia	Constitutional Referendum	Needs assessment mission
6 November 2005 Past	Azerbaijan	Parliamentary Elections	-
16 October 2005 Past	Estonia	Local Government Council Elections	-
9 October 2005 Past	Portugal	Municipal Elections	-
9 October 2005 Past	Poland	Presidential Elections	-
1 October 2005 Past	Georgia	Interim Parliamentary Elections	-
25 September 2005 Past	Poland	Parliamentary Elections	-
18 September 2005 Past	Germany	Parliamentary Elections	-
12 September 2005 Past	Norway	Parliamentary Elections	-
21 August 2005 Past	Albania	Parliamentary Rerun Elections	-
10 July 2005 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Early Presidential Elections	-
3 July 2005 Past	Albania	Parliamentary Elections	Election observation mission
25 June 2005 Past	Bulgaria	Parliamentary Elections	Election assessment mission
6 June 2005 Past	Hungary	Presidential Elections	-
15 May 2005 Past	Croatia	Local Elections	-
5 May 2005 Past	United Kingdom	General Elections	Election assessment mission
24 April 2005 Past	Andorra	Parliamentary Elections	-
13 March 2005 Past	North Macedonia	Local Elections	-
11 March 2005 Past	Liechtenstein	Parliamentary Elections	-
6 March 2005 Past	Moldova	Parliamentary Elections	-
27 February 2005 Past	Tajikistan	Parliamentary Elections	-
27 February 2005 Past	Kyrgyzstan	Parliamentary Elections	-
20 February 2005 Past	Portugal	Parliamentary Elections	-
8 February 2005 Past	Denmark	Parliamentary Elections	-
2 January 2005 Past	Croatia	Presidential Elections	-