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Recommendations on Judicial Independence and Accountability (Warsaw Recommendations), 2023

In 2019, in response to numerous requests for guidance on issues related to judicial independence falling outside the geographic and thematic scope of the Kyiv Recommendations, ODIHR initiated a comprehensive consultative and expert-driven process to ensure that its recommendations on judicial independence respond effectively to current challenges. The inaugural meeting of a core group of experts convened in Warsaw, followed by extensive further assessment of the thematic areas in focus. The Recommendations on Judicial Independence and Accountability (Warsaw Recommendations) are the result of this review process.

The Recommendations on Judicial Independence and Accountability (Warsaw Recommendations) are intended to deliver a practical tool for stakeholders across the OSCE region who engage with justice systems at all contact points. Like the Kyiv Recommendations, the Warsaw Recommendations are non-exhaustive. The Warsaw Recommendations aim to supplement the Kyiv Recommendations by elaborating on certain, previously unaddressed issues and to respond to developments since 2010. The two documents should be read in tandem.
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OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights
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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
Our work:
Democratization, Rule of law
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The views, opinions, conclusions and other information expressed in this document are not given nor necessarily endorsed by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) unless the OSCE is explicitly defined as the Author of this document.

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A curated set of ODIHR’s most relevant Rule of Law publications, offering clear guidance, practical tools, and expert insights to support justice institutions, policymakers, and practitioners across the OSCE region.
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